Tricuspid Regurgitation（TR）is caused by the inability of the tricuspid valve to close completely, causing blood to flow from the right ventricle to the right atrium during systole. Chronically, TR results in right-sided congestive heart failure, causing symptoms like peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatic congestion. Approximately 36% of severe tricuspid regurgitation patients die within one year after positive diagnosis. It is expected that by 2030, the number of TTVI Procedures conducted in China and in the world for tricuspid valve diseases will reach approximately 200,900 and 457,800.

Mitral Regurgitation (MR) refers to the inability of the mitral valve to close completely, causing blood to flow from the left ventricle into the left atrium during ventricular systole. Studies have indicated that patients diagnosed with severe MR who do not undergo surgery generally have mortality rate of 20% one year following diagnosis and 50% five years following diagnosis. It is expected that by 2030, the number of global TMVI procedures for the treatment of MR will reach approximately 273,200.

Aortic Regurgitation (AR) is the incomplete closure of the aortic valve causing backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. It is expected that by 2030, the number of TAVR procedures for AR will reach approximately 599,400 globally.

Heart failure is a complex set of clinical syndromes caused by the changes in myocardial structure and function leading to ventricular ejection and/or low filling. It is a common terminal stage of many heart diseases, and it is also a disease with high morbidity and mortality. It is expected that by 2030, the number of patients with heart failure will reach approximately 39,300,000 globally.

Cardiogenic thrombotic stroke is a clinical syndrome in which thrombus from the heart and Aortic arch causes cerebral artery embolism through circulation, resulting in corresponding brain dysfunction.